保健 - 第68期 - page 55

54
理導航
李愛華
(心理學教授)
Li Ai Waih
我們越來越不快樂了
美國的一項調查表明,過去10年間,令美國人煩惱的事
情增加了將近一倍。這些事情包括不能擔負起昂貴的醫療
費、缺少健康保障、債務纏身、失業和感情關係破裂等等。
那麼,中國人的幸福感是否變化了呢?國內一些研究表
明,近幾年內,中國人總體幸福感也有下降的趨勢。這與很
多發達國家出現的經濟增長伴隨著幸福感的負增長現象是一
致的。那麼,是什麼導致人們變得不快樂了呢?
社會與個性都影響人的幸福感
文化和價值觀的衝擊是導致群體幸福感體驗降低的重要因
素。不同國家人民對幸福的體驗是不同的,幸福的來源也不同。
對於美國等西方國家,強調個人比集體更重要,他們宣導獨立、
自由、主動進取和個人情感,而中國等東方國家的集體主義文化
則認為,群體(如家庭等)要比個人更重要,更為強調與他人之間
的協調,而將個人的動機和情感放到了第二位。因此,有研究表
明,被家人和朋友接納的感覺是亞裔人生活幸福感的重要組成部
分,與歐裔人的幸福感迥然不同。
WE ARE LESS AND LESS
HAPPY
In the past 10 years, there
has been a 10% increase in
t r oub l esome ma t t e r s fo r
the average American, e.g.,
unaffordable medical fees, lack
of health insurance, serious
indebtedness, unemployment
and relationship breaking down,
etc. In China, there is also a di-
minishing sense of happy and
contented living - in line with
many other developed countries.
We are different from the West.
WhileWesterners emphasize on
individual performance and
living; we believe firmly in a cul-
ture of family living where kin-
sfolk or clans often live close by,
so that the feeling of "group ac-
ceptance" is an important Asian
concept. Nevertheless, with the
closer ties between the West
and us, there has now been con-
siderable mixing; a considerable
number of us are beingWestern-
ized in our thinking and even in
our culture - the prevalence of
having an "empty nest" and
"weekend husband & wife" are
getting more substantial. Obses-
sion on perfectionism would
erode our happiness. Extroverts
also tend to be happier. Refrain
from close comparisons be-
tween persons on success; have
physical exercises; money is not
everything; have an open mind,
and a realistic goal.
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