47
名醫專訪
特殊學科來管。醫學院與附屬醫院的統一性被
破壞,醫學教育中教育、醫療和科研的完整性
被打亂,醫學院優秀的學風、校風、醫德、醫
風在失傳。醫生是醫學院校的產品,不允許出
次品。
必須改變現行醫學院培養體制
訪:
如今我國醫學教育的學制十分混亂,從中專到
大學,存在三、四、五、六、七、八年的不同
學制,學位授予也很混亂。美國從
1919
年開始
推行兩段共八年制醫學教育至今不變,加上畢
業後的住院醫師培訓制度,共分三段:
1.
大學
四年本科修完進入醫學院所需要的學分,成績
優秀;
2.
通過入學考試和綜合面試後進入醫學
院學習:前兩年是醫學基礎知識,完成後參加
全美醫師資格考試第一輪;通過後進入三、四
年級臨床實踐,畢業前進入第二輪考試。
3.
申
請各大醫院的住院醫師培訓,為期
3-8
年,完成
後必須通過第三輪考試。至此才有資格獨立行
醫。
陳:
當前急需抓兩頭,一頭是糾正“並校”十年及
“擴招”的錯誤,回歸醫學教育的成功辦學理
念與經驗,按照醫學教育的特殊規律,針對當
前的實際情況,著眼
21
世紀全球醫學教育面臨
的新形勢、新挑戰,選擇若幹在國內外有影響
的醫學院獨立辦學,建立並統一我國的醫生培
養體制和考試制度。培養善臨床、會教學、能
科研、可實行轉化(基礎與臨床成果的轉化,
醫和藥的轉化)的高級醫藥衞生人才,重新提
升我國醫學科學的國際地位。另外一頭是創造
和完善新型的“赤腳醫生”模式,充實全科醫
生制度的內涵。培養一大批有愛心、有抱負、
來自基層、德醫雙全的中級醫務人員,由政府
給予一定津貼,長期為基層為農村服務,形成
以全科醫生為核心的初級衞生保健體系。同
時,還要作出法制規定,住院醫師和主治醫師
必須定期到初級衞生保健系統服務,作為他們
晉升的必要條件。
陳克銓教授簡介
༆࡚ኪձᔼኪኪd
50
ϋ
Ը
ڗ
ಂԫ༆࡚ኪeଡ଼ᔌʷ
ኪe
ߤ
͛
ي
ኪeࣨᔼኪഃε
၇ኪ߅ٙਿᓾଣሞձྼ᜕ኪ
ʈЪdᇜᄳኪᑺ່dܸኬ၂
ɻe௹ɻӺ͛dዄᔼኪ৫
ኪຖኬଡ଼ϓࡰf
ଭุɪऎୋɓᔼኪ৫ᔼᐕӻ͉߅ձʕձᔼ
߅ɽኪ༆࡚ኪӻӺ͛dಀί
ߕ
̏̔ᖯԸॶψ
ͭɽኪஞਪኪ٫fዄཀʕ༆࡚ኪึਓଣԫ
ڗ
d່ɽл༆࡚ኪึԭ
ݲ
ΤᚑึࡰdყҖ࿒ኪ
։ࡰึ։ࡰʿɓԬlz̮༆࡚߅ኪᕏႦٙᇜ։f
ᐏ㠛͛e։ഃ߅ҦආӉᆤɧධd͡ሗ
Ցਖ਼лՇධdଡ଼ᔌəყኪஔীሞึɧϣf
ତ
މ
ʕձᔼ߅ɽኪ
ߤ
͛
ي
ኪӻબdԨ
ూ͇ɽኪɪᔼ̏ԯࣧʾึึ
ڗ
f
From “Healthcare Aide” to General Practitioner: A Special Interview: Prof Chen Ke Quan,
Union Medical University of China: Prospects of Reform for Medical Care & Education
After the good old “bare foot doctor” system, due to inappropriate central policies, China goes through unsuccessfully medical reforms,
e.g., from “state-sponsorship” towards “self-financing”. Hospitals earn their own incomes to be self-sufficient but public healthcare
undertakings are ignored, e.g., the scandalous SARS epidemic. Public medical clinics sell queue numbers for profit, over-investigate
and treat, set cut-throat drug prices; acquire modern medical equipment despite low utility. Doctors take up other jobs to boost their
income. Although Canada, Germany, USA and Singapore have established public healthcare systems, these cannot be imported en bloc
to China appropriately. The worst is the failure of medical schools – through excessive intakes, medical students lack adequate patients
to see; PhD graduates are not clinically competent; graduates refuse to take up primary care jobs. Unlike USA, there is no standardized
national curriculum for all medical schools. A new mode of “bare foot doctors” should be devoted entirely to primary care. Specialists
should also serve periods of primary care as a prerequisite for promotion. Viva China!