保健 - 第71期 - page 35

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保健訊息
健訊息
未來保健新藥
茶多糖
吳紅莉
(研究員)
Wu Hon Li
糖類是自然界的有機化合物,也是重要生物分子化合
物,多糖及糖複合物分佈廣泛,功能多種多樣,茶多糖(Tea
Polysaccharides)是一種類似靈芝多糖和人參多糖的一種高
分子化合物,組成成分為蛋白質和果膠等物質組成,茶的粗
老葉中含量較高,茶多糖為水溶性。據報道,在日本有用3
0年或100年以上樹齡的茶樹老葉製成的茶葉給糖尿病人
飲用一段時間後,可使尿糖減少、症狀減輕。茶多糖作為藥
物具有降血糖、血脂,提高機體免疫力、抗凝血、抗血拴、
耐缺氧、抗紫外線、X射線輻射等一系列保健功能。作為一
種新型的保健食品、藥品原料和功能性食品添加劑,目前國
內外已經有多家企業能提供不同純度的茶多糖製品,未來很
快就能成為一種保健功能性食品及保健藥品。
降血糖作用
糖尿病的死亡率目前僅次於意外死亡和腫瘤死亡,其治療藥
物也很多,但大多不能根治,並且有強烈的副作用。現在人們已
經把目標轉移到一些降糖植物上,作為糖尿病的輔助治療,從天
然植物中尋找有效的降血糖成分可能為治療糖尿病提供新的方
法。糖尿病是一種常見的內分泌代謝性疾病,主要分為I和II型,
前者有胰島β細胞破壞而導致胰島素絕對缺乏所引起,後者胰島
素相對不足所致。胰島β細胞不易耐受自由基攻擊,四氧嘧啶是
弱氧化劑,能直接破壞胰島β細胞,引起胰島素絕對分泌不足而
形成I型糖尿病。
茶多糖對糖尿病有顯著的預防及治療作用,實驗研究發現,
A HEALTH FOOD IN THE
PIPELINE: TEA
POLYSACCHARIDES
Tea polysaccharides are
akin to that of lingzhi and
ginseng. For diabetes, current
medications are not curative and
side effects, ser ious. Tea
polysaccharides have the poten-
tial to prevent / cure diabetes.
Experiments show that tea
polysaccharides can protect in-
sulin secretion and increase the
sensitivity. With a multi-faceted
mechanism, they not only en-
hance insulin secretion but also
suppress glycolysis (sugar low-
ering enzyme activity) so that the
body sugar utilization is maxi-
mized and disintegration of
starch reduced.Tea polysaccha-
rides also increase the good
cholesterol (HDL) and prevent
atherosclerosis or hardening of
the arteries. Tea polysaccha-
rides also reduce both the sticki-
ness of platelets and blood
viscosity, let alone its effective
anti-clotting properties (lower
platelet counts; prolonging pro-
thrombin time). Immunity ben-
efits by the stimulation of: (1)
macrophages (2) the reticulo-en-
dothelial system (3) T and B lym-
phocytes (4) complement bod-
ies (5) production of interferons,
interleukins, tumour necrosis
factor, let alone thymosin
increase. Lastly, through reduc-
tion of free radicals, LPO (lipid
peroxidation), cell and tissue
damage are prevented.
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