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保健訊息
保
健訊息
未來保健新藥
—
茶多糖
吳紅莉
(研究員)
Wu Hon Li
糖類是自然界的有機化合物,也是重要生物分子化合
物,多糖及糖複合物分佈廣泛,功能多種多樣,茶多糖(Tea
Polysaccharides)是一種類似靈芝多糖和人參多糖的一種高
分子化合物,組成成分為蛋白質和果膠等物質組成,茶的粗
老葉中含量較高,茶多糖為水溶性。據報道,在日本有用3
0年或100年以上樹齡的茶樹老葉製成的茶葉給糖尿病人
飲用一段時間後,可使尿糖減少、症狀減輕。茶多糖作為藥
物具有降血糖、血脂,提高機體免疫力、抗凝血、抗血拴、
耐缺氧、抗紫外線、X射線輻射等一系列保健功能。作為一
種新型的保健食品、藥品原料和功能性食品添加劑,目前國
內外已經有多家企業能提供不同純度的茶多糖製品,未來很
快就能成為一種保健功能性食品及保健藥品。
降血糖作用
糖尿病的死亡率目前僅次於意外死亡和腫瘤死亡,其治療藥
物也很多,但大多不能根治,並且有強烈的副作用。現在人們已
經把目標轉移到一些降糖植物上,作為糖尿病的輔助治療,從天
然植物中尋找有效的降血糖成分可能為治療糖尿病提供新的方
法。糖尿病是一種常見的內分泌代謝性疾病,主要分為I和II型,
前者有胰島β細胞破壞而導致胰島素絕對缺乏所引起,後者胰島
素相對不足所致。胰島β細胞不易耐受自由基攻擊,四氧嘧啶是
弱氧化劑,能直接破壞胰島β細胞,引起胰島素絕對分泌不足而
形成I型糖尿病。
茶多糖對糖尿病有顯著的預防及治療作用,實驗研究發現,
A HEALTH FOOD IN THE
PIPELINE: TEA
POLYSACCHARIDES
Tea polysaccharides are
akin to that of lingzhi and
ginseng. For diabetes, current
medications are not curative and
side effects, ser ious. Tea
polysaccharides have the poten-
tial to prevent / cure diabetes.
Experiments show that tea
polysaccharides can protect in-
sulin secretion and increase the
sensitivity. With a multi-faceted
mechanism, they not only en-
hance insulin secretion but also
suppress glycolysis (sugar low-
ering enzyme activity) so that the
body sugar utilization is maxi-
mized and disintegration of
starch reduced.Tea polysaccha-
rides also increase the good
cholesterol (HDL) and prevent
atherosclerosis or hardening of
the arteries. Tea polysaccha-
rides also reduce both the sticki-
ness of platelets and blood
viscosity, let alone its effective
anti-clotting properties (lower
platelet counts; prolonging pro-
thrombin time). Immunity ben-
efits by the stimulation of: (1)
macrophages (2) the reticulo-en-
dothelial system (3) T and B lym-
phocytes (4) complement bod-
ies (5) production of interferons,
interleukins, tumour necrosis
factor, let alone thymosin
increase. Lastly, through reduc-
tion of free radicals, LPO (lipid
peroxidation), cell and tissue
damage are prevented.