29
疾病防治與護理
家
居護理
吳秀紅
(蘇大附一院護理主任)
Wu Chi Hon
HANDLE WITH CARE:
CONGENIAL NURSING
WITH ALL THE HEART
Some itchiness, e.g., due to
mosquito bites, are temporary but
some itchiness are due to chronic
skin conditions that specific care
is required. Scratching would only
make such simple itchiness worse
or cause skin damage. The eld-
erly skin is affected by degenera-
tion - the corneal layer may now
keep only <10%-30% moisture,
as with aging, sweat and seba-
ceous glands degenerate; the
water-oil emulsion protection di-
minishes so that the skin sloughs
off with more flakes and itchiness.
As scratching would only induce
a vicious cycle, be well aware of
all these contributing factors: (1)
In winter, dry air reduces skin
moisture; cold air stimulates skin.
(2) Bathing with water too hot or
excessive soap would take the oil
away from the skin. (3) Inad-
equate rest; poor nutrition; post-
menopausal women - all these
cause the skin to lose luster and
more flakes form. Paradoxically,
bathe less frequently; in warm
water of 32-35oC; avoid pro-
longed soaking or excessive
scrubbing; use mild, facial soap.
In winter, apply skin creams; wear
soft warm clothing; drink more
water; take adequate fruits &
vegetables; less spicy food; keep
room temperatures at 20-24
o
C;
humidity, 50-70%.
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手下留情精心呵護
—
皮膚瘙癢症的應對方法
皮膚瘙癢是日常生活中每個人都會碰到的事,只不過有
些是暫時的、偶爾的、局部的皮膚瘙癢;如蚊蟲叮咬、細菌
或真菌在皮膚上的局部感染等,而有些是長期、反復、全身
性的皮膚瘙癢。對於前者,只需在患處皮膚上塗抹一些對症
的藥物後,大多會在短期內得到痊愈。而對於長期反復、久
治不愈的全身性的、頑固性的皮膚瘙癢,對付起來就沒有那
麼容易了。
患上皮膚瘙癢症
天氣轉涼了。謝女士感到面部皮膚有些發緊,早晨起床發現
床單上有一些皮屑,她也沒在意,可近日她感到皮膚瘙癢,特別
是小腿前面和後背。癢就想撓,可越撓越癢,越癢越想撓,直到
撓出了道道血印還是止不住瘙癢。鬧得她心神不寧茶飯不香,幹
什麼都沒興趣。最後只好來看醫生。醫生的講解使她明白了自己
的毛病所在。原來是患上了皮膚瘙癢症。
什麼是皮膚瘙癢症呢?怎樣才能不那麼癢呢?
皮膚瘙癢是許多皮膚病共有的一種自覺症狀。
當有皮膚瘙癢而無其他水皰、丘疹時,醫學上
稱為皮膚瘙癢症。最常見的全身性的皮膚瘙癢
症是單純性的老年皮膚瘙癢症。多見於中老
年人。主要與老年性皮膚生理結構及功能的
退化有關係。皮膚表皮的最外層為角質層,
由於角質層本身有吸
水、屏障功能使角
質層保持一定的含
水量,維持皮膚的
濕潤。正常的皮膚角
質層通常含有10%~30%
的水分,但隨著年齡的增長,
皮膚汗腺和皮脂腺萎縮,
分泌功能退
化,皮膚表
面的水脂乳
化保護物
明 顯 減
少。而當
皮膚角質
層的水分
含量低於
10%時,