56
訪: 請問預防肺纖維化有哪些方法?
陳:
近來,學者認為肺纖維化與吸煙有關,吸煙發
展為肺纖維化的危險性逐年增加。還有長期接
觸粉塵工作者,長期接觸刺激性強的氣體,如
氯氣、氨氣、甲醛,還有養鳥人群,接觸放射
線也可造成肺纖維化。所以我們要對這些高發
人群早期、定期檢查,並採用一些安全措施來
預防肺纖維化。
訪: 請問中醫相對於西醫來說,中醫的治療具有哪
些特色及臨床經驗?
陳:
中醫治療仍舊以“寒熱、虛實、表裏、陰陽”
八綱辨證為原則,根據患者的症狀不同進行治
療,但近年來隨著醫學科學不斷的發展,對該
病的中藥治療也有新的觀點,如天津武警醫學
院附屬醫院,他們通過中藥的藥理分析研究來
治療肺纖維化取得一定療效,他們運用補氣益
肺湯、血府逐瘀湯、肺康靈、丹參、黃芪、當
歸、銀杏、甘草、生地 、刺五茄等中藥治療。
並也做了動物模型。
在古代我們蘇州就形成了吳門醫學至今大約
二千年左右,到明清鼎盛時期,尤其在清初的
葉天士,吳又可,曹滄洲等對溫病學又有新的
發展,他們都認為“溫邪上受,首先犯肺”其
傳變規律為新邪不外解則可由肺順傳陽明逆傳
心包。所以吳門醫派對肺的認識及預防相當重
視。
訪: 請問陳教授,您對肺纖維化的防治,具有豐富
的臨床經驗,在這方面,您的個人體會是甚
麼?
陳:
在臨床上可看到的肺纖維化病人也相當多,基
本上都是西醫治療效果不明顯的情況到本院來
醫治,都採用中西醫結合治療,我個人以為當
該病的病情屬早期的情況下,一般以扶正祛邪
治療,採用以治肺為準則,清肺化痰,平喘止
咳等中藥治療,當病情逐漸加重,進入中晚期
時如胸悶氣急動則加重,不能下床活動持續吸
氧,口唇指甲紫紺時可採用扶正補腎納氣,回
陽救逆,益氣復脈治療。
我有一例病人:
73
歲女性,原有類風濕性關節
炎三十餘年,從診斷為肺纖維化至今已有二十
年之久,至今仍在吃中藥治療,起初是以清肺
化痰治療,目前以扶正補腎納氣兼活血化瘀治
療。
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Advantages of TCM Management of Interstitial Lung Fibrosis: an Interview with Prof Chen
Yu, Head of the Respiratory Medicine Unit, Suzhou Municipal Traditional Chinese Medicine
Hospital
For best results of managing interstitial lung fibrosis (ILF), integrating Western and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is appropriate.
ILF may be due to drugs, e.g., anti-cancer drugs and antibiotics, or an auto-immune phenomenon, or aspiration of poisonous
substances. Although ILF has not been described in TCM classics, the concept is mainly immuno-reaction causing deposits in
the interstitial lung tissues leading to progressive lung destruction and breathlessness. TCM principles differentiate it into the “8
Categories of Diagnosis”: cold and heat, apparent and real, external and internal, yin and yang. As early stages involve only the lungs,
focus on clearing the lungs and the phlegm, reduce breathlessness and cough, etc. For later stages, as even the kidney system is
involved, treatment has to be tailored. Note special categories: wind and cold restrain the lungs; phlegm and heat obstruct the heart and
lungs, there is qi deficiency and qi and blood stasis. Patients are advised to drink more water and to refrain from smoking, drinking or
to spicy food.
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