保健 - 第73期 - page 23

疾病防治
21
“求最大善果”是我們追求的目標
臨床上,癌症異常錯綜複雜,即便是同一種類型的癌
症,也常常千差萬別。對此,應對方略我們強調應早
期、中期、晚期有別!治療的短線效果與長期利益兼
顧!
對於早期,一般比較好應對。這些患者大多是體檢中
偶而發現的,若整體身體狀態許可,常應強調先以手
術、放療、化療等有治療適應征的措施為主。先求盡
可能最大限度地殺滅癌細胞,消除可能的隱患。對於
中晚期患者,情況就比較複雜了,需區別對待。首
先,中晚期,特別是晚期患者,若僅僅追求短線的殺
死所有癌細胞,完全清除癌症,既不現實,又無可
能;且代價巨大,每每得不償失。因此,短線治療的
目標應定位為首先消解症狀,改善或提高生存品質;
同時盡可能控制癌症的進一步發展。能穩定下來就算
上策;能穩定的同時癌症明顯縮小或有所消失,更是
上上策。即便暫時不能穩定,但發展趨勢明顯減緩,
也是值得慶幸的。再加一把力,很可能就穩定住了。
而長線所追求的,當然是進一步控制或減緩癌症的發
展,提高生存品質,延長生存時間。  
癌症治療中的一個普遍現象是:越到中晚期,患者的
求生欲望越強烈,越願意不惜一切代價,嘗試各種治
療方法。我們接觸過大量這樣的病人,我們尊重患者
對生的渴求,但決不輕易“縱容”他們的治療要求。因
為,很多中晚期癌症患者在過度治療之後,不僅沒能
延長生命,剩下的日子反而過得十分痛苦。更為沉重
的是,為了挽救生命,有的患者家庭甚至整個家族傾
家蕩產,最終患者帶著負罪感離去,給親人留下生的
負擔。治病是為了救人,如果患者的生活品質非但沒
有因“治病”得到有效的改善,反而惡化;生存期也沒
因“治病”得到延長,那麼,病人又何苦為“治病”最後
落得人財兩空呢?
其實,癌症是一種慢性病,從發現起,治療可能要花
幾年、十幾年甚至更長的時間。在臨床工作中,我們
對療效不好、可吃可不吃的藥絕對不開,癌症患者的
錢要細水長流。對每一個病例都要從多角度全面評估
病情,然後制定個體化、人性化綜合治療方案。用最
少的錢治最大的病,用最簡單的方法、最小的治療痛
苦代價獲得最佳的整體治療效果。即“求最大善果,求
最小惡果”,這應該是我們追求的目標。
CANCERS NOT AS TERRIBLE AS THOUGHT
As the US Center for Disease Control found on autopsy, 1/4 around 80 years old had sub-clinical cancers not contributing to
death, prevention of these manifesting clinically is worthwhile, as by the age of 90, 47% of males and 32% of females may die
from cancers. Prof Wong Yau Pang also found all 200 autopsies on patients around 80 had sub-clinical cancers. Abstain from
smoking and excessive drinking and fat, etc. helps to reduce 30-40% of cancers. For the middle to old age, taking health
foods for immunity modulation is worthwhile. We all have proto-oncogenes and tumour-suppressor genes the loss of which
leads to cancers, through mutation of DNAs. Although early cancers are eradicated by surgery, radiation therapy or
chemotherapy, according to concepts of TCM, it may not be most worthwhile to take heroic steps to eradicate moderate to
advanced cancers - allow the patient to live with the cancer could be a "third choice", especially for those treatments giving
rise to severe adverse effects. As even Western medicine also has a similar notion of "primum non nocere" (first, do no harm),
let us balance the risks vs the benefits.
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