疾病防治
微的症狀,膽囊功能良好,無惡性變之虞;後者
2/3
的病人有上腹部發作性疼痛,少數人有噁心、嘔吐
等症狀,存在可能發生惡性變的風險,因此不可掉
以輕心!
是否需要作膽囊切除?
那麼,體檢時如果發現膽囊息肉,是否需要作膽囊
切除呢?
臨床上以息肉大小和病程的
長短作為判斷依據,息肉大
小則以直徑
0.8
釐米作為臨界
點。
一般認為,息肉直徑小於
0.8
釐米,經過動態觀察其大小
並無明顯變化者,可以暫時
不做手術,但是需每隔
3~6
個
月進行一次
B
超復查,觀察其
變化,如果息肉有增大的趨
勢,並且出現明顯的症狀,
就應當及時進行手術切除。
對於直徑大於
0.8
釐米的息肉,即使沒有自覺症狀,
也應當考慮手術,因為如果息肉直徑長到
1.0
釐米,
其惡變率可以達
70%
至
80%
,直徑長到
1.2
釐米以上
時,惡變率可以達到
90%
。此外,患者年齡在
50
歲
以上,發病時間較長,膽囊息肉合併膽囊炎、膽結
石,並且伴有明顯症狀者,也有手術切除的必要,
以杜絕後患。
總而言之,患有膽囊息肉者應當定期進行
B
超復查監
控,以防發生惡性變。
患者平時應注意飲食
膽囊息肉患者平時應注意飲
食調節,盡量避免進食含有
高脂肪、高膽固醇的食物,
因為膽固醇攝入過多,可以
加重肝膽代謝和清理的負
擔,並導致多餘的膽固醇在
膽囊壁積聚和沉澱,而形成
息肉,因此平時應少食富含
膽固醇的食物,諸如蛋黃、
動物內臟、魚籽、腦髓等。
最好不要飲酒,少吃剌激性
的食物,多吃富含膳食纖維
的新鮮蔬菜和水果。不要老
是不吃早餐,要知道,在夜
間睡眠中,肝臟和膽小管繼續分泌膽汁,儲藏在膽
囊內,以備消化脂肪類食物之用,如果不吃早餐,
儲藏在膽囊內的膽汁就用不上,不能及時排出,滯
留時間過長的話,可以刺激膽囊形成息肉,或者使
原來的息肉增大,因此早餐最好吃些含有植物油的
食品,以促進膽汁分泌與排空。
Should Gall Bladder Polyps be Excised?
A senior pathologist in our City Hospital had unfortunately died of gall bladder cancer that had originated from a gall bladder
polyp – all because he paid little attention to the polyp but it suddenly became malignant. Even after very prompt excision of
the cancer, the cells had already spread to distant sites. Gall bladder polyps that usually occur at a median age of 45, are largely
asymptomatic and are only discovered on ultra-sound scans. 40% are single; 60%, multiple; some polyps may be related
to high cholesterol – these are often without symptoms and are entirely benign; they seldom have malignant change; others
often have tummy aches and tend to have malignant change. For polyps <0.8 cm and are stable in size, only regular follow up
by ultra-sound is required. All others require operation. If the patient is >50 years of age, has a long history or has associated
cystitis, stone, etc.: operate. Avoid high fat, high cholesterol diets that overwork the gall bladder, as polyps may form. Avoid
drinking. Always take your breakfast to prevent prolonged bile stasis in the gall bladder: with food intake, bile in the gall bladder
would be discharged into the gut.