保健 - 第96期 - page 55

ਖ਼ᕚઞ॰
55
வ၇ࢨମ၈
މ
˜ఊࣨ㹷აε࿒׌™
(single nucleotide
polymorphism)
dᔊ၈
މ
SNP
f
SNP
30
᜽ਿʕdӊ
100
Ց
300
᜽ਿఱึ
Ϟɓ
̈ତf
SNP
݊ɛ࿁
ݔ
ԬशषՈϞ׸ช׌ٙࡡΪfШϞəவ
ࡡΪdԨʔ˾
ڌ
ఱɓ֛ึઃ
၇ݔ
शषdШν
؈
Ύ
̋ɪϞՉ̴ᐑྤΚᎈΪ९dԟఱٙᆽ݊ึᄣ̋ઃ
ݔ
၇शषٙࠬᎈfኽజኬdͦ
ۃ
ঐл͜
SNP
ආБࠬᎈ
ᅰኽ፲ෂ಻༊ٙशष
ܘ
εdՉʕܼ̍jήʕऎமАe
ᚙً୚
ߤ
மАe٭
ߛ
सe
2
ۨጟ҇षe
ڛ
ဧভऎᎰसe
ߎ
౴थᆱeၚग़ʱ൓सʿε၇ᐖसഃf
SNP
ၾ٬ᐖ
ʕ਷ኪ٫၈
(2013)
dԙʦ
މ
˟d௰ɽ஝ᅼٙᗫ׵
SNPs
ၾशषٙᗫ
ڷ
ٙ޼Ӻ݊
2007
ϋజѓٙ
WTCCC
ධͦd༈ධͦ࿁
14000
Τઃ٫ձ
300
Τ͍੬ɛЪə
޼ӺfԷνՉʕ೯ତdՈϞɪͤ͛
ڗ
Ϊɿա᜗ਿΪ
ٙ
ݔ
Ԭ
SNPs
ٙɛ໊d೯͛
ڢ
ʃ୚
ߤ
ۨ٬ᐖٙዚଟ৷
׵͍੬ɛ໊f
SNP
ၾ٭
ߛ
ዦɽлԭኪ٫
(2013)
ίɓධ௰อٙ޼Ӻʕ೯ତd٭
ߛ
ਿΪ
FTO
ٙ
SNP
ᜊʷd࿁Ԓ᜗
BMI
ٙᜊʷପ͛
ᜑഹ׌ٙᅂᚤf
BMI
݊ɓ၇੬ٙ͜಻ඎ٭
ߛ
ٙᅺ๟d
̴಻ඎɓ
ɛٙ᜗ࠠdԨ࣬ኽԒ৷ආБ͍ࣧf˼ί
ʱؓəਗ਼
ڐ
17
ຬɛٙᅰኽ
ܝ
d൛ྼ
FTO
ਿΪҏΐ೯
͛
SNP
ٙɛd˼ٙ᜗ࠠһࠠd˼
ٙ
BMI
ᜊʷ
ˢ
ʔᙳ੬
SNP
ٙɛ৷̈
7%
f
SNP
ၾၚग़ʱ൓स
ʕ਷ኪ٫
(2014)
࿁਋ੂۨၚग़ʱ൓स˜ᓙ൓ਿΪ
1
™
(DISC1)SNPs
ආБə޼Ӻd࿁ྼ᜕ଡ଼
100
Էၾ࿁๫ଡ଼
100
Էٙ
DISC1
ʕ
2
̌ঐఊࣨ㹷აε࿒᜗ЗᓃԴ
͜ਿΪʱۨ
ڃ
˪ආБʱۨ޼Ӻdഐ
೯؈
ତdՇଡ଼ၚ
ग़ܸᅰ࿁ˢՈϞᜑഹࢨମfྼ᜕ᗇ׼d਋ੂۨၚग़
ʱ൓सձ
DISC1
ਿΪε࿒׌ʘගπί੗ʲᗫ
ڷ
ࣛɰ݊׸ชਿΪʘɓf
基因維護
保障健康
ਿΪ࿁
ڭ
ღɛ᜗ٙ਄ੰ฽ʘࠠ
,
வ݊ʔԊϾఏٙd
ШவԨʔഃ׵ႭᐑྤΪ९ఱʔࠠ
ۆ
ఱึ྅ɪ
ૢఊᗡЪ
މ
ᅼؐdܲ๫᜽ਿৣ࿁ࡡ
ۆ
dΥϓ੻Ցɓ
RNA
d
٫ܝ
຾ཀ˜਒ʲ™e˜
ུ™dҖϓ˜
ڦ
RNA
™
(mRNA)
DNA
Ց
mRNA
ཀ೻၈
މ
፽f
ᔕᙇࣛd
mRNA
DNA
੻Ցٙ፲ෂ
ڦ
ࢹdܸኬஐͣ
ሯٙΥϓfί
mRNA
ٙҏΐɪdϞ
3
ஹᚃٙ᜽ਿd
މ၈
˜ɧᑌ੗ᇁɿ™dӊ
ɧᑌ੗ᇁɿึ࿁Ꮠɓ
ਿაf੽ϾΥϓɓ֛ٙஐͣሯf͟
mRNA
Ցஐͣሯ
ཀ೻၈
މ
ᔕᙇf
人類基因組計劃
މ
ə
ዌ༆ɛᗳ
ה
ϞਿΪٙЗໄձ̌ঐdԨॎᙇՉ
Ό௅፲ෂ
ڦ
ࢹd
1985
ϋ
ߕ
਷߅ኪ࢕࠯΋౤̈ə˜ɛ
ᗳਿΪଡ଼
ྌ™d
1990
ϋdவ
ࠇࡈ
ྌ͍ό઼ਗf
ྌ࿁ɛᗳ
23
ݑ
Ѝ᜗ٙΌ௅
DNA
ආБ಻ҏdԨ
ᖭՓ޴ᗫٙ፲ෂྡᗅe
ي
ଣྡᗅձҏΐྡᗅf
2001
ϋ
2
˜dʮбəɛᗳਿΪҏΐྡᗅf
2003
ϋ
,
නлҁϓf
޼Ӻ೯ତdɛᗳਿΪଡ଼ʕ
ה
ўਿΪٙᅰͦ
މߒ
2-2.5
fϾɛᗳٙ͛ϼषϥ
ה
Ϟ፲ෂ
ڦ
ࢹఱίՉʕfၾ
ɛᗳशषϞᗫٙ
ڦ
ࢹɰʔԷ̮fኽ၈dఱίୋɓ໮
ݑ
Ѝ᜗ɪఱϞ
3141
ਿΪdவԬਿΪʕπίٙॹ௘
350
၇शषϞᗫfՉʕܼ̍ᐖसe֮
ږ
ಌषഃf
基因變異是人對疾病有易感性的原因
ɛᗳਿΪଡ଼ʕᜑͪd
ה
Ϟɛٙ
DNA
ҏΐ
99.9%
݊޴
Νٙd̥Ϟ
0.1%
ʔΝd౬Ԋʘd
30
˜᜽ਿ࿁™
Ϟ
300
πίഹܳᄳٙࢨମfவԬࢨମ݊͟׵ఊ
Зᓃٙ᜽ਿٙҷᜊdуɓ၇᜽ਿ஗̤ɓ၇᜽ਿ
ה
՟˾f՟˾ٙ˙όϞՇ၇dу˜ᔷ౬™ၾ˜ᗵ౬™f
ᔷ౬
(traansition)
ܸ݊Νᗳ᜽ਿʘගٙ՟˾dν໗☫
(A)
஗௢☫џ
(G)
՟˾i
ߤ
☩Ṝ
(C)
஗঍໗☩Ṝ
(T)
՟ה
˾f
ᗵ౬
(tranvertion)
ܸ݊ʔΝᗳ᜽ਿʘගٙ՟˾dν໗
☫ᤲ
(A)
஗঍໗☩Ṝ
(T)
ߤא
☩Ṝ
(C)
՟ה
˾i௢☫
џ
(G)
ߤ
☩Ṝ
(C)
א
঍໗☩Ṝ
(T)
՟˾i
ߤ
☩Ṝ
(C)
஗௢☫ᤲ
(G)
໗א
ޛ
(A)
՟˾i঍໗☩Ṝ
(T)
஗໗
☫ᤲ
(A)
א
௢☫џ
(G)
՟˾f
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