Jfi.fS
H
lEffi.ffiir.
m^ffi
ErF,Dt
+ftt
?
l^
ffi
w
gilEu
Liu
Chang-Shan
HOW
DOES
HYPERGLYCEMIA
OR HYPOGLYCEMIA OCCUR
?
Human pancreas
is
an organ
which takes care ol food digestion, nu-
trient
absorption
and
thereafter metabo-
lism.
The
pancreas
contains one
part
ol
endocrine gland (pancreatic
islets)
and the other part of exocrine gland.
The human exocrine pancreas synthe-
sizes and secretes digestive
enzymes
including amylase, protease and
lipase,
which hydrolyze the diet including sug-
ars (carbohydrates), proteins
and
fats
respectively.
ln the pancreatic islets, a
kind
of cells called
B
cells
(beta
cells)
will produce insulin, a
hormone that
decreases
the
elevated blood glucose
level (hyperglycemia) following
a
meal.
Another kind of cells will produce
a
dif-
ferent hormone, glucagon, which
can
increase
the
blood glucose level when
a low blood sugar level (hypoglycemia)
occur.
The two parts
of
pancreatic
gland normally work
in
concert and
a
normal digestion process and a proper
blood sugar level is
maintained.
Thus,
insulin and glucagon are both neces-
sary
to
regulate normal glucose
me-
tabolism and
growth.
Based on the
et
fects
of
the two hormones, a balance
of blood glucose level can
be main-
tained.
^)il'ER
([FE
)
e-tf'ilil'ERffi7\*13{t'ffi.Ft.
'
tf"r'r44[Rniltu1a
)BHt;1ffiXEffi
.
E
E
ffi E
EEED'ffi€f,rzl<-frEffi'tu'ffifr.'
ExE
1
ooo-2oo
oEr+
IETE.IFER
+
Ht
E E
iE
,r.'
l'
E'
[E.EA.+)tJ
tfiH
lE
.
;&ft)BflRH[F[RtA
ffiEfrfr
ETJ
-
qjffiffiHf,*E,
ffiZ
HEfrA'
Hn
.
B' c'
DF.-FiffiBEffi,rI'
t*
Affiffi
(cl
*EEE)
A51EffiHffiBAffi?+.tJ200/o
,
l=fi)B,F+ffi=
.
B?#
B€
(
F
?#Eil
?^<J/d-ffiiaffiEEFTH!
75"/O
,
IPftfiEF.E*
"
ffi
WFHHW,fEfrXE
'
,IEiEE
AH.E.EAM€.FI,ftltr
"
ffiHE+-
)/.;ffi",t' ; fr+EF+{EE+'
flF+ffi
*fr)ilE*'
m[FE=
h-;il'iffi"
,m.i&
+
AlHffiffitBF"'
frLffi
,
ffiHffih+f1tJ,
,
aI
D)'EffiEzK
f,E
m.Y.&
4='
tdffi
trJ
ffiHffi
EHP.Pfi
ETF,#J
"
iEt,BlZW'
+I4F5FC?F
ffituf.fl€_ffi"i&ffierffi€
,
FFmffi
iHE
"
^#-ifrE+Jtr
(#€e-tzuJ.
ffi) €€tr.6,
iEH
)'HOm./ffiYH
)'.ffJ
+
W-
ffi'ffi
H
z.s
-
a.
7
rnrno! /
L
(70-tlorns,/dr)'
ffi&ffiffi6ffi
€
lo.orn-ol,/L
(
l8oms,/dl)
"
4
lE]
ffi
,,\mffi
r{
tj.(zFlEl'
lE-4tr.,\
Z<lE
ffi H
Fi
mffi
tE,'JAE6
lE
"fE!.
ft
/#N\
ET
ffi
AILA
AE
ffi, " E
+,J
A
ffi.
E
+.trJ
ffi€ffi
FN4'.1A,
-
EIS'IW
H
WIFIJ
ffi
,
J--*/rrr^
A
Fnffi
IRFif+
+s*
"
HE+trft,+NHIt
ry.W.,
rl
vF'trffiffiffiI+.ffiKrLle,
ffittr0
ffiIEAffi
,Effi+.N9,ffi€'ffiT*H
ffi
fU,H
"
7E&-EJ|AE1Fffi.,\'J
t){ zF
,}t+frH.4ffifr<Jhffi-
,
fi'd
Effi#J
FE€
"
ffi&frffi2K-{F.frFW
"
+&1F5
Ffrraffi
EE
-
ttK'
E)<+frA
dw.Ys
,
E-ffi1<4t+Ita+rr
'
4E
E
W
E.
fu
Ag-W
YS
EE
ft<J
lH
IL
IF
.H
'
+S.ffifi*#t#ffiHffi
tJ'it740t
H.ffiH'ffi
,*&4EMEF&qrre.x
.mY&r&H-m.ffi
"
#r
-
Htffi+H!tF
ffi&,FIEE
WrE+
ftffiffi,ffiH
,ffi,FWq[^.ffi"
"
zKF+HtR
ffi
-
+
t)!
+
fr+J+Lffi
ftW.ME-W.qk
32
