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Ruan Hui
Fen
PROSPECTS OF BIOLOGICAL
THERAPY
FOR
CANCER
Established cancer
therapy
consists of surgery, radiotherapy
and
chemotherapy. Recently, more
novel
methods of management are gradually
becoming available.
lnterferon is
a
anti
-
viral agent and also has immune
modulation properties. lnterferon alfa
is
effective against myeloid
leukemia;
however,
for the treatment
of
other
cancers, the effect is
not
good enough.
lnterleukin 2
is
another immune modu-
lating
agent.
lt
can induce lymphokine-
activated killer
(LAK) cells. Adoptive
immunity
refers
to
the
re-infusion of
"educated"
LAK
cells obtained
initially
by harvesting
lymphocytes
from
the
patient and then stimulated
by
interleukin 2
outside
the
body. Such
re-infusion has less side eflects than
administering interleukin 2
itself but at
cost.
Monoclonal
antibodies
represent
another near-ideal
approach
but
progress has been
slow.
Colony stimu-
lating factors are
very
effective for
stimu-
lating severe
marrow
depression
from
chemotherapy
and
had been
in
clinical
use
for
some years
already. Most
recently, growth
factor inhibitors
are
being
tested
actively. Very specific
agents
are
now available
against
non-small cell lung
cancer,
breast and
colo-rectal cancers, chronic
myeloid
leukemia and
even gastro-intestinal
stromal tumors. These represent a new
generation
of
anti-cancer drugs that are
more specific
than
conventional
chemotherapy. Most
of
these
have
only
limited approval for
clinical
use.
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