F,tx
fif
Hilr
Gao-Shan
THE MYSTERIES
OF
LIFE-ABOUT
THE
PRINCIPLE
FUNCTION OF
THE
GENE
ln
1865,
the Austrian monk
and
botanist and
also the
founder of
mod-
ern genetics, Gregor Johann
Mendel,
first discovered and presented the con-
cept
of
"gene".
lt
means
any of
the units
occurring at specific points
on
chromo-
somes
inside
the
boby
cells,
would
transmit and determine
hereditary
characteritics. lt was not until in
1953
that
the
U.S. biochemist James Dewey
Watson and the British scientist Francis
Harry Compton Crick helped determine
the structure of DNA, the basic compo-
nent of
chromosome. lt
has now been
known
that the
gene
is
DNA,
deoxyribonucleic acids. Briefly,
the
main
lunction of
many genes
is
to
specify the sequence
ol
amino acids
that make
up
a polypeptide chain
in a
protein, the
basis
of life
development.
The cord word,
or
the genetic term cor-
don, for each amino acid
is
three-let-
tered,
being
spelled
in
one
of
four
purine
or
pyrimidine bases
(adenine,
thymidine, guanine and cytosine).
The
principle
of
colinearity
of the
triplet code
words
in
the
DNA of
the
gene and the
amino acids
in
the protein specified by
that gene
is
now well established.
This
paper
has
an explanation of
gene
func-
tion
in fair details.
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