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MANAGING COMMON DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES IN MIDDLE
& OLD
AGE
Human digestive systems consist
of
the
intestines,
liver,
gall bladder, spleen and pancreas.
The
most impor-
tant cause
of
difficulty
in
swallowing for middle and old age
is
cancer
of
the swallowing tube (esophagus). Vomiting
of
blood may
be
due
to
stomach
or
duodenal ulcers
or
cancer
or
from varices due
to
cirrhosis
of
the
liver.
As blood
passes
through the
length of
the
intestine,
the stool becomes
"tarry".
Pain
killers or
strong alcoholic drinks may
cause gastritis
or
even stomach ulceration.
H.
pylori infection requires prompt antibiotics to prevent ulcers
or
even
frank bleeding, perforation, and, ultimately, cancer. Endoscopic diagnosis
is
the
"golden standard".
The
best
treatment
of
chronic constipation
is
copious fluids
or
fiber-rich food; avoid habitual use of laxatives. lnfection
is
the
commonest cause of diarrhea
-
even if mild, the cause must be found if becoming chronic. At this age,
gall
stones are common and diagnosis
is
by ultra-sound; surgery is required for pain, infection or stones larger than
3
cm
(at
higher
risk of
cancer).
Various
forms of less invasive procedures than open surgery are now
available.
Prevention
is by
weight reduction, lowering
of
cholesterol and
never
to omit breakfast. Chronic infection
of
the
pancreas
is
often due to liquors but may also
be
related
to
repeated gall bladder infections. "Fatty
live/'is
related
to obesity but may also be a sign of
early
liver damage:
take
meals
on
regular times!
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