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COMBATING
INFECTIOUS
DISEASES.WE SHALL
OVERCOME!
Human infections are
caused
by
micro-organisms, commonly bacteria
and viruses.
Epidemics
of
severe
outbreaks
were very
far
reaching,
killing
many. However,
through
successful vaccination, smallpox
has
already been eradicated;
even
poliomyelitis
is
almost extinct.
The
routes
of
infection are through
oral
ingestion, breathing in, skin wounds
or
insect bites; other
routes,
e.9.,
sexual
and anal
routes are
also
significant.
However,
for
infections with
animal
hosts,
the
impossibility to vaccinate all
animals precludes complete control.
Other problems are
the
continuous
mutations of micro-organisms, e.9., the
HIV
of AIDS
so
that existing methods
of
control
are
rendered
useless.
Moreover, in
the
recent 20 years,
no
less
than 30 new human infections had
been documented, e.9., AIDS, Ebola
and
other
hemorrhagic levers,
legionnaire's disease,
mad cow
disease
(BSE
and
CJD),
etc., let
alone
the
resurgence
of old
ones,
e.9.,
tuberculosis,
malaria and dengue fever (spread
by
the
Aedes egypti mosquito)
and
antibiotic
resistant infections,
e.9.,
bacterial
pneumonia,
cholera
and
plague. SARS
is
caused by an entirely
new strain of
coronavirus. lt
is
charac-
terized
in
Hong
Kong (and elsewhere)
and
RT-PCR (reverse
transcription-
polymerase chain reaction
enables
rapid diagnosis.
Apartlrom
isolation
and
quarantine, refrain from
spitting
indiscriminately, ensure
healthy
lifestyle, good environmental
and
personal hygiene, wear facial
masks.
As infections
not
yet
eradicated
can
travel
worldwide
promptly,
the
best-in-
tegrated
and
coordinated
international
etfort will
be
achieved eventually
-
we
shall overcome!
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