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21ST
CENTURY SURGERY
AND ORGANTRANSPLANT
Organ transplant
first
began
in
the
30s when there was little knowledge
of
tissue rejection
by
body
immunity.
Later
on, successful transplants were limited
to
that between
identical
twins or
else
body immunity had
to
be suppressed
by radiotherapy and
chemotherapy.
However,
with immunity suppression,
there were severe problems of infection
and
even
tumour induction.These could
only
be solved
with the
discovery of
Cyclosporin
in
the
70s. Since then, or-
gan transplant progressed
very
rapidly
and
many more
types
of organs could
be
transplanted.
Parallel
to
such
tech-
nology advance, surgical techniques
also
advanced
considerably. At
present,
to tackle the shortage of
organs
lor
transplantation, even
non-human
organs, e.9., those
from the
pig, are
actively being considered.
The
pig
is
chosen because of similarities
to
hu-
mans regarding physiology, organ
size,
ease
of
breeding
and
rearing, lack of
common diseases
with
humans, etc.
Moreover, stem-cell harvest
and
culture
have
also enabled tissues, e.9.,
skin,
cartilage,
bladder, uterus,
etc.,
for
transplant. Thus,
surgery
in the 21st
Century
has
been developing hand
in
hand with such advanced techniques
because in
this
new Century,
further
and much more rapid development of
organ transplant technology is
bound
to occur with leaps
and
bounds.
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