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DIABETES
INSIPIDUS.
LOSS OF
URINE
EXCRETION
CONTROL
Diabetes insipidus is due to the
lack of
the anti-diuretic hormone whose
function
is
to enable water reabsorption
at the kidneys.
The
hormone
is
produced
in
the thalamus
of
the
brain
and stored
in
the pituitary
gland.
Any
lesion affecting these structures may
result in
diabetes insipidus,
eg,
concussion, infection or tumours of the
brain, stroke
etc.
The disease
can
occur
in
any age but more commonly
in
youth.
The amount of
urine
can
be
as much as 5-10,000 or even 30,000
ml.
The
specific
gravity
of
the urine
is
characteristically as
low
as
1.005
(lower
limit of
normal
is
1.010).
As
a
lot of
water
is
lost,
the
patient feels very
thirsty.
Water deprivation in these
patients would
fail to
get
a
more
concentrated urine, eg,
over|
.020.
Hypertonic
saline
(concentrated
physiological saline) fails to stimulate
the
thalamus
to
produce
more
hormone.
The blood level
ol
the
hormone
can also be
determined.
Complete cure
is difficult
but
more
specilic agents are now
available.
The
patient should
take
less salt and avoid
cotfee or tea.
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