保健 - 第76期 - page 7

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HAND-FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE: PREVENTABLE & CONTROLLABLE
The viruses causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) are of the RNA family. HFMD is commonly caused by Coxasckie
virus (Cox) group A 16 or Enterovirus 71 (EV71). Early cases were mainly by CoxA16; but in 1969, EV71 was first isolated and
characterized in California. HFMD peaks in June or July and in kids <5. CoxA16 cause milder infections. Both patients and the
many latent subjects are infective. Viruses are excreted from the pharynx by 1-2 weeks; by 3 weeks, from the stool; viruses are
also on the skin. Spread is through the fecal-oral route, close contacts and droplets in the air. Adults usually have immunity but
young children have not. The incubation period is 2-7 days, then fever; after 1-2 days, the mucosa of the mouth, the palate and
the tongue have vesicles; the palms and the foot, buttocks have rash that may also become vesicular. Spontaneous recovery
often occurs but others have complications: water-logged lungs, myocarditis (heart muscle inflammation), aseptic meningitis and
encephalitis. There is no specific treatment; isolation should at least be 2 weeks, till no fever. Remember disinfection and
personal hygiene!
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