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Fung Kwong Chuen
A
RISING STAR
FOR
CANCER THERAPY:
INTERVIEW
WITH
PROF LIU
GUANGXIAN,
CANCER
IMMUNOTHERAPY
SPECIALIST
Cancer immunotherapy,
a
fast
developing modality,
involves cell
factors
controlling
cell
growth and
development, e.9.,
growth
factors
and interferons. Tumor-associated
antigens
(TAAs) are
cell surface pro-
teins of
immature host tissues, e.9.,
alpha
fetal
protein
(AFP)
and
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); tu-
mor specific antigens (TSAs)
are
novel and specific
antigens
of the
tumor itself and "foreign"
to
the
host.
Antigen-presenting cells
(APC), no-
tably
dendritic
cells
(DC)
are
promising. Development
of cancer-
specific cytotoxic
T
lymphocyte
(CTL) clones are also feasible
and
are exploited in
the
process of
ac-
quiring specific antigens. CTL
and
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
(TlL)
work on specific mechanisms whilst
cytokine-induced killer (ClK)
cells
work in a non-specific yet effective
manner. Lymphokine-activated killer
(LAK) cells of
the
Natural killer (NK)
category
have
a broad spectrum
of
cell
kill. As
a
promising
modality,
methods of tumor vaccines
vary.
Vaccines derived from tumors are
often
modified
genetically.
Short
pep-
tides fitting
into a
groove
in
the
ma-
jor histocompatibility complex (MHC)
molecule
are also
exploited
as
vaccines. Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)
vaccines also hold promise.
--Ph
gil
-il|
glj
