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Li
Xiao
Rong
.,HYPERACTIVATION''
OF
THE
SPERM AND IN.VITRO
FERTILIZATION
"ln-vitro" signifies fertilization of
the
tiny
mammalian "egg" or ova out-
side the womb
or
uterus. IVF is a
very
useful
technique
not only for certain
infertile couples but also
supports
reproductive biotechnology
in
various
mammals. IVF illustrates the tedious
accumulation
of
decades
of dedicated
research gradually but progressively
leading to breakthroughs.
IVF
research
in
tact first dated back
to
1878
-
it
took
some 75 years before
IVF
was first
successful.
A
Chinese
worker
in
America,
Prof M C
Chang
was
substan-
tial
in
the discovery
in
1951
of sperm
"hyperactivation"
or
sperm capacitation,
considered to
be
the
most
vital
key to
successful
lVF.
Prof Chang discovered
that there were
physiological
changes
of
the sperm
in
the female reproductive
tract
before they were capable
of
penetrating
and
fertilizing the
ova.
Such
capacitation could also
be achieved
outside
the female
tract,
in
the presence
of biological fluids and then, even
in
the
absence of such fluids. Later on,
it
was
found
that
capacitated rabbit sperms
occurred
in
contact with ova in
the
oviduct or tract linking the uterus
with
the
ovary.
After
that,
IVF was rapidly
successful
in
several
mammalian
species.
The ability to fertilize
ova
outside the uterus enabled major
and
rapid advances on understanding the
mechanisms
involved
in
fertilization and
early
development
"V all are
pivotal
to
successful
lVF.
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