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Wang
Yan
THE 4TH MODALITY
OF
CANCER
TREATMENT
.
HYPERTHERMIA
For
common cancers, treatment
currently
has
3
recognised modalities,
surgery, radiation therapy
and
chemotherapy. Both surgery and radia-
tion therapy
are applicable for those
localised cancers
that
have not
been
disseminated. Chemotherapy has defi-
nite but
short-term tumour suppression
properties
for
disseminated cancers but
the side
eftects are also considerable.
Hyperthermia, i.e., the use
ol
heat
to
destroy tumours, also
has
years
of
clini-
cal
use,
e.9., using radiojrequency or
whole-body heating
but
the most sig-
nificant recent development
is
that of
focussed ultrasound. With focussed
ul-
trasound as an external
source
of
heating, there
is
an improved focussing
for the tumour cells
to
be destroyed
by
heat, and damage
to
surrounding tis-
sues
is
less. However, in line with
all
other ultrasound
equipment,
there
are
certain serious limitations, e.9.,
it
cannot penetrate
adequately
bony
structures
so
that hyperthermia
is
not applicable
for
tumours
enclosed
by bone, e.9.,
intra-cranial tumours.
Neither can ultra-sound be applied to
tumours surrounded
by air-filled
tissues,
e.9.,
lung cancers. Even malignancies
like
cancer
of
the pylorus
of
the
stom-
ach
and
leukaemia are
also
difficult
to
manage. Nevertheless, as hyperther-
mia can
complement other
modalities,
there appears to
be
good
prospect
for
it
to
be
the 4th modality in the near
future.
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