Hffi
ffiffi
HAlF
Mo
Jia-Ying
THE
ISSUE
OF
MANAGING
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
IN
THE
21ST
CENTURY
New kinds of infectious diseases
are
emerging.
The
viral
Ebola
haemonhagic fever, though confined
lo
Africa,
may
soon
spread
further through
the blood and excreta -
there
is
no
specific treatment; AIDS
is
spreading
rapidly ever since its discovery
in
the
80s,
again,
specif
ic
treatment
or
vaccine against the virus is difficult
because the virus can mutate quickly
and becomes resistant to newly devel-
oped
drugs
or
vaccines; Legionnaires
disease is due to bacteria multiplying
in
stagnate water, including condensed
water in air-conditioners and
non-
running
water
pipes
- antibiotics
are
effective against
the
pneumonia-like
and diarrhoea
symptoms;
haemorrhagic bowel infection due to
E coli
type
0157,
first reporled in
1982,
spreads by contaminated
food;
H
pylori
is
another bacteria
that
survived
the acid
in
the stomach
and
cause ulceration; even gastric cancer
is related. Spread
is
through
ingestion.
Both hepatitis
B
and C spread through
the blood and
sexual contact
and can-
cer
of
the liver
may
develop;
hepatitis
A
and
E
spread through
ingestion.The
most
horrible inlection is
mad cow's
disease
-
BSE in cows
and
CJD
in
humans
may
well be
related.
ln
addition, there are other previously
controlled infections coming back, e.9.,
venereal
diseases, tuberculosis,
diphtheria,
etc. As
these
involve re-
sistant
bacteria,
there is
no room
for
complacency.
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49
