60
專家論壇
麥地那龍線蟲的啓示
ஷ੬Ⴉ
މ
d़೨݊ɛٙɓ၇ІҢ
ڭ
ᚐዚՓfɓ
ࡈ
ɛชᙂՑ़೨d
ٵ
֛݊ࡳ㛪̈əਪᕚfϞɓ၇ɛ
͛ᔥΤ̣¨ήԟᎲᇞᔥ©
(Guinea Worm)
d
੬ڢ
ᑋ
ήл͜əɛٙ೨ชfშᔥϓᆞࣛึՐॎͤᇮdԨ
ίෆɹஈʱ
ؤ
ɓ၇੶აdՐዧɛٙग़dᜫɛପ͛
ӧደছٙ೨ชdҜʔИҪෆɹऍί˥㛪˟೨fშᔥ
ɓ༾Ց˥ఱึͭՍᄝ̈ɽඎᔥфdν
؈
Ϟɛఀəவ
၇˥ఱึෂ
ݑ
dήԟᎲᇞᔥఱ݊வᅵίɛ໊ʕ
ෂᅧٙf
ஷ੬ઋ
ر
ɨவ၇ᔥɿӊϋ̥ପфɓϣdՉቱࣛගே
༯ί˴ٙͤᇮɨࠦf
މ
əʔᜫɛชՑ़೨d̴ึ
ʱ
ؤ
ɓ၇ኃ˪ᗳ
ي
ሯd௦Ⓐɛٙग़fɓϋ
ܝ
வ၇
ᔥɿึ
ڗ
Ց
1
Ϸε
ڗ
d̙ɽεᅰช
ݑ
ٙɛேชᙂʔ
Ց̴ٙπίd̙Ԉவ၇ኃ˪ᗳ
ي
ሯϞε䟕ᄒf
ήԟᎲᇞᔥ
ޟމ
ჿ
ࠅ
ίɛlzᆑͿɓϋʘɮճk
ࡡԸ̴ίഃ
ܙ
ΥቇٙෂᅧዚึfήԟᎲᇞᔥಀ
݊
ݲڢ
ήਜ௰ᄒٙෂ
ݑ
षdϾ
ݲڢ
ٙࠥ
ڠ
ஷ੬݊
˸ϋ
މ
մಂٙdε
ڠ
ٙήਜӊϋஷ੬ึϞɓ
ࡈ
Һ֙d
䎼Һٙήਜӊϋஷ੬ึϞɓ
ڠࡈ
֙f̥Ϟίவ၇ࣛ
ࡉ
˥෨ʕٙ˥Зʑึ༺ՑΥቇٙЗໄdʔεʔˇd
͍λတԑήԟᎲᇞᔥෂᅧٙც
ࠅ
f
ኽ୕
ࠇ
d
1986
ϋΌ˰
ޢ
֠Ϟ
350
ຬήԟᎲᇞᔥٙա
٫dϾ̘ϋவ
ࡈ
ᅰο݊
3128
ຬdϾ˲Όණʕί
ݲڢ
fܲᆀᝈٙП
ࠇ
dவ၇षਗ਼݊ᘱ˂
ڀ
ʘ
ܝ
ɛ
ᗳऊ๘ٙୋɚ၇ෂ
ݑ
षdΪ
މ
ཫԣՉෂ
ݑ
ٙ˙
ܘج
ᔊఊd̥
ࠅ
ช
٫ݑ
ҜИ೨dʔҪෆɹऍɝ˥ʕఱ
̙˸əf
ԟ䟕dήԟᎲᇞᔥ
ې
ॎٙෆɹӺϞε೨ճk
ኽಀ
ې
ཀٙɛႭdఱ྅݊ɓ࣬ደ
ߎ
ٙ০ୖə
ɓɨfԟ䟕dϞӚϞ̙ঐ೯̈ɓ၇ᄃኜҪ़೨ٙ
ܓ
ඎ̈Ըճk
探索疼痛的測量
ఃᛇඎ݊ɛٙ˂f̙Ⴣ̚ɛᗳ࿁़೨ٝʘ
ޟ
ˇd
֚ձҍࢪ
ޟࡁ
Їਗ਼Չѷᚭʷd݂ɰӚϞᗫ़೨
ඎ̙ٙቦ̦ࣘা༱fᎇഹ
19
˰
߅ߏ
ኪ࿁़೨ዚ
ଣٙႩᗆ̋ଉdɛ
ࡁ
နႩᗆՑ़೨݊ልᕏٙdซ
ࠅ
ඎ़೨dʔස
ࠅ
ቦ़೨ࣛԒٙ͛ଣˀᏐdᒔ
Ա፠೨٫ٙːଣชաdাՉ࿁़೨ٙႧԊ
ࠑ
f
ɓছႭԸd़೨ึᜫɛ
ڌࡁ
ତ̈ɓԬБ
މ
ձᑘ˟ٙ
ҷᜊdΪϤাவԬᜊʷঐˀᏐɓ֛
ܓ
़ٙ೨f
ί़೨ࣛdɛٙ
ڌ
ઋ̙ঐՉᜓࢵ
א
ʔᓙٙըџd
މ
əಯჀ़೨dɛ̙ঐପ͛І೯ٙ
ڭ
ᚐˀᏐdν
⩥໔Ԑ༩eᅨ़೨Зd
٫א
ਗ਼़೨Зո֛
ڭ
ܵɓ၇۶ැfఱ྅Ԃɿ़ࣛdҢ
ࡁ
ஷ੬ேึᛃഹ໐d
ഹԂɿਂ೨ً߮f
़೨݊щϞఊЗճkഈࣩ݊Ϟٙfவ
ࡈ
¨ఊЗ ©Չྼ
ܸ݊
do l
d̴़݊೨ٙ
ז
ɕ˖ఊ൚
do l o r
ٙᐵᄳfί
ɪ˰
ߏ
40
ϋ˾
ܝ
ಂd
ߕ
ੰքဧɽኪٙɧЗӺ٫
James D. Hardy
e
Herbert G. Wolff
ձ
Helen Goodell
࣬
ኽϤ
ۃ
˼ɛٙӺϓ
؈
d
ܔ
ͭəவɓ़೨
ܓ
ඎᅺf
ڋ௰
d˼
ࡁ
ਗ਼Չ၈
މ
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Hardy-Wolff-Goodell
©ഃॴd
ɓʱ
މ
ɤॴd˼
ࡁ
௴ிəɓ
ࡈ
ఊЗdɰఱ݊
dol
Ը
ࠑ
வɤ
ࡈ
ഃॴfԟ䟕d
1 dol
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ჿճk
˼
ࡁ
່֛
௰މ
ʃ̙ᙂࢨ
(just noticeable difference
dɰ
ఱ݊࿁வɓ௰ʃࢨମඎٙชᙂঐɢf
ࡊ
߰Ӻ
1 dol
़೨Ցֵ݊εˇdԟఱც
ࠅ
ɓ၇ඎ़೨ٙʈՈd
ɰఱ݊೨ᄃf௰කdੰքဧɽኪٙӺ٫݊͜
↉ᗝਗ਼Έၳೊɲɛͤᇮɪdᎇഹɛ
ܓ
ٙʺ৷d
ɛٙҜաࠢ
ܓ
ԸආБ़೨່֛dவԬΈ̙݊Ը
Іɓຐ
1000
͙ٙཥዱ
ظ
f
፲ኴٙ݊d
dol
வɓ
ࠑ
़೨ٙఊЗdԸேӚϞ
ᄿ
ع
Ꮠ͜d̴྅ዋ
ڀ
ɓତছπίኪஔӺ㛪f͟
ɧɛٙ༊᜕ഐ
؈
ʔঐࠠልd˼
ࡁ
़ٙ೨ඎ˙
ج
ၾʈՈኪ
ޢ
щ֛dɰຫ˟Ꮠ͜fซซɰ݊d
़೨Ч˷ɓ၇
މ
ልᕏٙ˴ᝈชաd༶़͜೨ඎ
ᄃྌʱ
dol
ഃॴd݅ʔ࢙dᑗґɪɓᓃேʔྼ
͜fΪϤd
dol
ɰЗΐ
5
ɽ௰ମٙ߅ኪ
ܓ
ඎఊЗf
斷20根骨頭和斷2根痛感差不多
ᗫ़೨ٙഃॴdͦ
ۃ
ᒔӚϞɓ
ࡈ
̙˸൙ᄆٙ
ӻf̴ʔ྅d͜
ࠇܓ
ఱঐඎ̈Ըfίᑗґɪd
ே݊˸षɛ˴ᝈ
މࠑ
˴dᔼ͛࣬ኽषɛٙ
ࠑ
ආ
Б܄ᝈкᓙf
ɪ˰
ߏ
70
ϋ˾d̋ࣅɽኪ٫Λဧ௴ி͜Ⴍ
़೨ሯ੶
ܓ
ٙ൙ᄆ˙
ج
d၈
މ
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՜ ©f˼Ҭə
100
ε
ߵࡈ
˖൚คdவԬ൚คਗ਼़೨ٙ
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ܓ
ձชաഐΥίɓৎfуԴ
ܝ
Ը൚คඎɓΎᐵಯd
Ш݊வᅵٙਪ՜ሜ
ݟ
ᒔ݊
੬ڢ
ልᕏfତίɓছٙ͜
݊ɓ၇ᔊ
ک
˙
ج
ḍਂ¨ൖᙂᅼᏝ൙ʱ
ج
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0
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10
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