EE<trce+>
Yang
Kam
"FEVER &
CHILLS",
"TREE
FOR FEVER
CURE" AND
''QINGHAOSU''
ln
mid-summer,
we
may
have severe "fever
&
chills" from
a very
old
disease, malaria,
a
potentially life-threatening
dis-
ease
transmitted
by
a
mosquito.
"Malaria"
means
"bad
air",
thought
to
be
the culprit
till
a
Nobel
Laureate (1902)
Ronald
Ross
of
UK discovered
the
Anopheles
mosquito as the vital
vector.
Now,270,000
people per
year still
die
from
malaria. The
cinchona tree
for
malaria
cure
was discovered by natives
of
Ecuador and named "Tree for
Fever Cures".
Containing
quinine, its
bark healed gover-
nors and emperors.
However,
malaria progressively resistance
to quinine became the greatest
problem. ln China, qinghao
had
been used as
a
traditional
rem-
edy for over 2,000
years.
lts an-
timalarial
principle was finally
isolated
in
1972
and
named
qinghaosu (artemisinin).
lt
had
rapid
action,
low
toxicity
and
was
effective
even against the
resis-
tant "falciparum" malaria. Subse-
quent studies
led
to the
discov-
ery
of
dihydroartemisinin,
artemether and artesunate
- all
employed around
the
world for
"falciparum" malaria, especially
resistant ones.
New
derivatives
are still being developed.
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