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Yang Kun
PROSPECTS OF CANCER
VACCINE RESEARCH
Vaccines for
the
prevention of
infectious diseases are usually made
from attenuated but specific micro-
organisms responsible
lorthe
infectious
disease.
These altered micro-organisms
are sufficient
to
induce a very
mild
"infeciion"
in
the human
body as well
as
the required immunity against further
attacks
in
the vaccinated individual. By
design, these altered micro-organisms
are
never
potent enough to cause the
full-blown
infection. However, as far as
cancers are concerned, as there are
more than 300 types of cancers, vacci-
nation against cancers has
long been
thought
to
be not only technically
difficult
but also
next
to impossible to
implement
clinically. However,
scientists
have now found out that, within
all
cancer
cells, an enzyme called
telomerase
becomes activated; further understand-
ing of such activation may eventually
lead
to cancer control
at
the sub-cellular
or molecular
level.
As
the
basic causa-
tion of cancer can then
be
tackled,
this
may
solve the problem
of
having to
develop hundreds
of
different
kinds
of
specific cancer vaccines for different
specific cancers. Nevertheless, when
applied clinically
for
already established
cancers, current cancer vaccines
are
not
yet potent enough to eradicate can-
cers but
may be
useful as
a adjunct
after
conventional cancer treatments
like
surgery, radiotherapy
or
chemotherapy.
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