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GENE
THERAPY
-
NEW HOPE FOR LEUKAEMIA
Leukaemia, or "blood
cancer",
affects the white cells of
the
blood and
is
closely
related to
genes. Although the
annual incidence rate is only
4
per
100,000, its aggressiveness and the
patients' young age do make a great
impact on society. With chemotherapy,
the median survival has increased from
3
months
to
almost
2 years.
107o
sur-
vives for
5
years.
ln
the
last 20 years,
bone
marrow
transplant
techniques
have
further
improved the
cure
rates
but
donor availability and costs are
still
prohibitive. Gene therapy
is an
attempt
to correct
the
gene defects associated
with
leukaemia.
The
basic methods
ol
gene therapy are:
to insert
lost genes;
to
use normal genes
to
replace
defective ones;
to
block or suppress
oncogenes (cancer genes); to enhance
the effects
of
anti-oncogenes;
to
block
to
or delete genes
that
lead to
chemotherapy resistance to leukaemia.
Although
still
at
the
stage of active
development,
gene
therapy
is
no
longer
"science
fiction". lt will
have
a
major
impact on leukaemia and other cancers
in
the
near future.
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