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Li Xiao-Rong
GENETIC ENGINEERING.
HISTORY
OFTECHNIQUE
ESTABLISHMENT AND
SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS
Genetic engineering was
pio-
neered by
Prof.
P.
Berg at
Stanford
University,
USA,
in
1972. As
there were
considerable
reservations on
the
pos-
sibility
of
transmitting cancer and
of
producing
altered
genetic
products,
e.g.
drug
resistance bacteria, convert-
ing a harmless
E.
coli
bacteria into
a
deadly
bacteria with disastrous conse-
quences.
Berg
voluntarily suspended
his
crucial
experiments for
social con-
siderations. ln
1975,
scientists
decided
to
use
specific genetically-defective
bacteria to
minimize
social harm.
ln
1976,
the first genetic engineering firm
was
established in
San
Francisco.
2 years
later,
drugs
manufactured
by genetic engineering, like
growth
hormones,
insulin
and
interferon, etc.,
became much
more
affordable
and
free
f
rom
allergic
reactions
so
commonly
found
in
those
hormones
extracted from animals. After
much
discussion,
Berg was
finallly awarded
the Nobel
prize.
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