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Chen
Fu-Clian
STEM
CELLS:
MEDICAL
USES
AND PROSPECTS
OF
RESEARCH
It
has been well established
over
many years the amazing potential of
embryonic
stem
(ES) cell of laboratory
animals
-
the ability to differentiate into
almost all cells. Since 1998, human
ES
cells
could
grow in
the
laboratory.
This
has resulted
in
the
establishment of
many biotechnology companies on the
genuine belief that stem cell
research
may
well
result in
a
revolution
in
terms
of
how
we
treat
cardio-vascular
disease, degenerative
diseases
of
lhe
brain
(e.9.,
Parkinson's),
cancer,
diabetes,
etc.
Unfortunately, ethical is-
sues ruled over the gathering of human
ES
cells as early
human embryos
should
be
accorded the same status as
any
sentient
human being. Thus,
other
sources
of
stem cells had to be sought.
Classically,
in
the adult, organ forma-
tion
and regeneration occur through the
action of organ- or tissue-restricted
stem cells, i.e., blood stem cells would
only
give
rise
to
cells of
the
blood.
However, the breakthrough
is
that stem
cells
lrom
one
organ system,
e.9., the
blood compartment, can
now
develop
into the ditferentiated cells within
an-
other organ system,
e.9.,
the liver,
brain
or
kidney.
As certain adult stem cells
can
now
turn
out
to
be as flexible
as
ES
cells, this
particular
technique
is
extremely useful clinically and a
new
branch of medicine, coined as "Regen-
erative Medicine"
is
promising
very
rapid development in the very
near
future.
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35
