Ei+emn
EGER
Wang Jian-Min
ftH{+EE
Zrr,aoZhong-Long
HUMAN ORGANTRANSPLANT
ln the
history
of
human
organ
transplant, we should commemorate a
Nobel prize winner Carrel who
pio-
neered
vascular
surgery. He was also
the lirst to document the problem of re-
jection
of transplanted organs
-
the
im-
mune system of
the
body does regular
surveillance
on "foreign enemies" and
would
kill
these without delay
-
the most
serious
problem with organ transplant.
ln
1933,
with successful corneal (trans-
parent
lens covering of
the
eye)
trans-
plant,
vision
is
restored with
the replace-
ment of the opaque cornea
by
trans-
planting soon
after death. ln
1954, an-
other
Nobel laureate
Murray
trans-
planted
a kidney
from one identical twin
to another. No rejection occurred
as
tis-
sues were identical
in
twins.
ln
1959,
whole body
radiation was employed
to
minimize the
risk
of
rejection.
Thus suc-
cessful liver and lung transplants were
done in
1963;
and
for
the heart, in 1967
by Barnard. Apart
from
radiation, drugs
are
popular
for
immunity suppression,
e.9., steroids or cyclosporin A
-
all
re-
sulted in
long life.
By
1992, over 0.5
million transplants have been done
-
mostly
kidneys, and
the success
rate,
80V".
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