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Li Wen-Jun
CURRENT TRENDS
IN
PREVENTION
AND
TREATMENT
OF
JUVENILE DIABETES
Diabetes may become apparent
at different
age
and based on the time
of onset,
it
can be categorised
into
two
sub-types:
youth/growth onset
(char-
acterized by insulin deficiency and
is
dependent on exogenous insulin
ad-
ministration for survival.); and maturiy-
onset.
The
former case
is more com-
monly known as IDDM (insulin depend-
ent
diabetes
mellitus).
Childhood
dia-
betes
occurs when the childish
pan-
creatic function
declines.
This process
may
further deteriorate
until
total
insu-
lin deficiency is established.
The exact genetic marker for this
deficiency
is unknown.
From recent
studies,
juvenile diabetes
may arise
from an auto-immune disease, and this
may
be
related to
the
HCA
variability.
The use
ol
immunosuppressants, such
as cyclosporin
A
and
specific
mono-
clonal antibodies to T-lymphocytes are
effective in IDDM
treatment.
Pancreas
transplant also shows
a
80 7" one-year
cure
rate
and the number
is
gradually
increasing in
Europe.
lf
gene
therapy
is
to
be
further investigated, IDDM may
eventually be controlled.
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